Sunday, January 1, 2012

21ST-CENTURY MUSIC / January 2012


21ST
CENTURY
MUSIC


January 2012

Volume 19, Number 1


Greatly Integrated / Mark Alburger

Chronicle of November 2011

Recording


Illustration / Alan Hovhaness


Editorial Staff

Mark Alburger

EDITOR-PUBLISHER

Harriet March Page
ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Patti Noel Deuter
ASSISTANT EDITOR

Erling Wold
WEBMASTER

Elizabeth Agnew
Alexis Alrich
Katherine Buono
Ken Bullock
A.J. Churchill
David Cleary
Jeff Dunn
Phillip George
Elliot Harmon
Brian Holmes
Jeff Kaliss
John Lane
Arel Lucas
Michael McDonagh
Chip Michael
Tom Moore
William Rowland
Lisa Scola Prosek
Andrew Shapiro
Alice Shields
CORRESPONDENTS


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Greatly Integrated / Mark Alburger


Last year, Joowan Kim's Great Integration played at the intimate Giorgi Gallery in Berkeley. Last night (Sunday, November 13) Kim brought the work, performed once again by his Ensemble Mik Nawooj (his name backwards) to a packed house at Oakland Metro Opera.

What a difference a year makes and does not make. The contrast was the increased size of the audience and hall; the consistency was in the energy and quality.

Billed as a hip-hop opera, the full-evening piece is more like an extended classical/jazz/rap cantata (story sans staging), scored for septet that encompasses both a Pierrot ensemble and jazz trio (with piano as common denominator). The vocal fire on top is provided by two rappers, who blazed their way through the night in a fiery pepper of sixteenth notes, particularly clearly and charismatically by Rico Pabon in the second half.

Great Integration, despite its arch libretto, is an important, innovative work, and the audience responded throughout with whoops and cheers. Here the hip-hop vocalists get a worthy launching pad, with a nuanced instrumental component that goes far beyond two-bar loops -- referencing minimalism, Rachmaninoff, Chopin, and the baroque, among other musics. The punchy ensemble rhythms were bang-on, including the signature subdivision of 3+3+3+3+2+2 articulated over standard 4/4 measures. If the descending bass line I-bVII-bVI (the same used ad infinitum in the last 5 minutes of the Led Zeppelin Stairway to Heaven and Pilate's Song in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar) gets an impressive amount of usage, certainly the rhythmic figures above it are ever-arresting. A default full-instrumental build up followed by solo piano shows itself as another norm. Throughout, Kim is not afraid to slim down the music to delicate textures, which somehow make the over-the-top full-vocal declamations that more electrifying.

A thoroughly enjoyable and thought-provoking entertainment throughout -- shall we say, greatly integrated. Keep your eyes and ears out for Joowan Kim and Ensemble Mik Nawooj

Chronicle of November 2011


November 1

Incubator presents chamber music of Robert Ashley. St. Mark's Church, New York, NY. "For any composer who also serves as his or her own primary interpreter, the question of legacy eventually arises. What happens when an artist is no longer able or available to perform? Robert Ashley, a veteran composer chiefly known for an extensive series of elaborate multimedia operas, is still writing new pieces at 81. But he has also been involved lately in creating performable editions of his older works, and in a surge of events last week fresh interpreters put their own stamp on Mr. Ashley’s music. First performers associated with the Incubator Arts Project offered three programs devoted to Mr. Ashley’s chamber music, spread across four evenings at St. Mark’s Church in the Bowery. . . . The Incubator series, in its initial program . . . showed that Mr. Ashley’s chamber music, a small and overlooked part of his output, warrants far more attention. For Andie Springer, a 2010 duet, began with Ms. Springer, the violinist of the title, standing in near darkness, enunciating the work’s full name: For Andie Springer Showing the Form of a Melody, ‘Standing in the Shadows,’ by Robert Ashley. A humble melody gradually coalesced from the vaporous call-and-response of Ms. Springer’s feathery strokes and the guitarist James Moore’s bowed one-note drone. Ringing harmonics evoked funereal bells; when actual bells tolled outside the church near the end, they seemed to fit. The Flux Quartet brought a quiet intensity and focus to in memoriam ... Esteban Gomez, a 1963 graphic score, fashioning an elemental beauty with uninflected notes and swarming overtones. Tract, conceived in 1955 as a Wallace Stevens setting for orchestra and quickly abandoned, was rebooted as a wordless vocalise for the baritone Thomas Buckner with electronic accompaniment by Tom Hamilton in 1992; here Mr. Buckner and Mr. Hamilton offered luminosity and penetrating melancholy" [Steve Smith, The New York Times, 11/8/11].



November 4

Michael Morgan conducts the Oakland East Bay Symphony in Leonard Bernstein's Symphony No. 2 ("The Age of Anxiety”), George Gershwin’s An American in Paris, Duke Ellington’s New World a-Comin’ and Alberto Ginastera's Estancia. Paramount Theater, Oakland, CA. "Morgan said, 'we have a black conductor, a transgendered pianist, and we’re playing Bernstein, Duke and Gershwin. What more could you possibly want?'" [Kevin Berger, The New York Times, 11/3/11].


November 6

Varispeed performs Robert Ashley’s Perfect Lives. New York, NY. "For any composer who also serves as his or her own primary interpreter, the question of legacy eventually arises. What happens when an artist is no longer able or available to perform? Robert Ashley, a veteran composer chiefly known for an extensive series of elaborate multimedia operas, is still writing new pieces at 81. But he has also been involved lately in creating performable editions of his older works, and in a surge of events last week fresh interpreters put their own stamp on Mr. Ashley’s music. . . . Varispeed -- a collective comprising members of the ensembles thingNY, Panoply Performance Laboratory and Why Lie? -- transplanted a live version of Mr. Ashley’s video opera Perfect Lives that it had mounted in Brooklyn in June to Greenwich Village, SoHo, and other surrounding neighborhoods. . . . You could argue that no interpretation is required for Perfect Lives. Though its parts were shaped on stage from 1977 to 1983, the work took its final form as a multimedia opera made for television. Contributions from the pianist 'Blue' Gene Tyranny, the video director John Sanborn and the music producer Peter Gordon are integral to the work, which was broadcast by Channel 4 in London in 1984 and is now available on DVD. So the Varispeed production, presented as part of the Performa 11 festival, was less an act of rescuing a work from oblivion than one of repurposing its materials to unleash latent potential, while remaining faithful to its textural integrity and structural rigor. The seven segments of Perfect Lives -- which together obliquely and poetically describe a conceptual Corn Belt bank heist, its participants and its witnesses -- take place at two-hour intervals during a single day. Accordingly, Varispeed presented Perfect Lives in real time, organizing its episodes chronologically and assigning them to different arrangers. A steadily swelling audience attended the ensemble’s trek, which began at 11 a.m. in Washington Square Park with Gelsey Bell’s modest village-band interpretation of The Park. Brian McCorkle, performing in The Bank at 1 p.m. in front of a Citibank in the Village and The Bar at 11 p.m. in a crowded NoHo pub, amplified the lilting cadences of Mr. Ashley’s speech with an intensity that underscored links to (and among) evangelists, rock stars, and carnival barkers. Dave Ruder, playing the preacher of The Church at Trinity Lower East Side Lutheran Parish at 5 p.m., inflated Mr. Ashley’s seductive drawl; a distributed 'hymnal' elicited audience participation. In The Supermarket, staged at 3 p.m., the troupe paced through the aisles at Essex Street Market, delighting some shoppers and perplexing others, as Paul Pinto’s rapid-fire declamation emanated from the public-address system. Texts for The Living Room, staged in a private residence at 9 p.m., were distributed among a narrator, Aliza Simons, and two characters played by Mendi and Keith Obadike. Ms. Simons, an uncanny mimic of Mr. Ashley’s delivery, was also featured in Varispeed’s most haunting deviation, The Backyard, staged at the Performa Hub Schoolyard at 7 p.m. Illuminated by fairy lights and flickering heat lamps, Ms. Simons declaimed dreamily over burbling tabla and keyboard. The voices of nearby chorus members sounded as if from a great distance through hand-held radios distributed among audience members. Now and then, piano and clarinet lines wafted from windows overhead in lonely accord. That Varispeed’s members could express themselves so readily through Mr. Ashley’s work while remaining faithful to it was impressive. . . . [The performance] suggests that the idiosyncratic legacy of this consummate collaborative artist is in sure hands" [Steve Smith, The New York Times, 11/8/11].

Nigel Short and Tennebrae. Church of St. Mary the Virgin, New York, NY. "The program was an overview of mostly sacred British choral music of the last century, with works by Holst, Vaughan Williams, and Parry at the early end; scores by John Tavener and Richard Rodney Bennett from the 1980s and ’90s holding the middle ground; and expansive settings by Paul Mealor and Joby Talbot, both born in the ’70s, representing recent approaches to choral writing. If harmonic language were the only measure, the distance between the earliest and latest scores was not vast. Intense dissonance has rarely interested choruses (or their audiences), nor has the angularity of contemporary music for solo voice found much success in ensemble music. That is not to say that dissonance has been banished entirely; but composers -- Holst and Vaughan Williams as well as Mr. Mealor and Mr. Talbot -- have tended to use it judiciously to create shimmering, tantalizingly unbalanced textures that invariably resolve into sumptuous consonance that flatters the voice and seduces the ear. The difference between the old and new works was more a matter of scope. Mr. Mealor’s four-movement cycle “Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal” (2010) uses soaring soprano lines, lushly harmonized rhythmic counterpoint and varied articulation to explore the imagery of the rose as both a secular (mostly amorous but naturalistic as well) and religious symbol. Mr. Talbot’s León and Santiago -- two movements excerpted from the hourlong Path of Miracles (2005) -- dramatizes a religious pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, in Spain, with passages in English, Galician and Latin; juxtapositions of intense serenity and celebratory robustness; and an ecstatic finale that includes a processional by the choir through the church. All that was almost but not quite enough to make a listener forget the appeal of the first half of the program. Its highlights included Holst’s Evening Watch (1924), a dialogue between the weary body and the transcendent soul that was given a strikingly rich-hued reading, as was Mr. Tavener’s Funeral Ikos (1981), a moving, ethereal evocation of the hour of death, physical and spiritual" [Allan Kozinn, The New York Times, 11/8/11].


November 13

Adam Gyorgy plays his Improvisations. Carnegie Hall, New York, NY.


November 15

Jon Gillock plays Olivier Messiaen's Méditations sur la Mystère de la Sainte Trinité. Church of the Ascension, New York, NY. Before an audience that packed the church, Mr. Gillock played Messiaen’s Méditations sur la Mystère de la Sainte Trinité, a 90-minute work in nine parts: music of awesome, mystical, eerie and shattering power, and Messiaen’s longest organ composition. Mr. Gillock’s palpable command of this daunting piece came through in every moment, even, I would suspect, to those who did not know of his close association with the composer. When he was not busy being one of the most influential composers of the 20th century, Messiaen was the organist at the Church of the Holy Trinity in Paris, a post he held from 1931 until his death in 1992. For the rededication of the church’s refurbished organ in 1967, a noted theologian gave sermons on the Holy Trinity, with improvised musical responses on the organ played by Messiaen. These improvisations were the beginnings of what would become the Méditations, composed in 1969. The work was published in 1973. And in January 1974 Mr. Gillock gave the New York premiere at the Church of the Ascension, a performance that began a series of performances of the work across America. This was before Mr. Gillock studied with Messiaen at the Paris Conservatory and became a champion of the master’s works. That Mr. Gillock’s program notes were so helpful was not surprising. His book, Performing Messiaen’s Organ Works: 66 Masterclasses, published last year by Indiana University Press, has been acclaimed for its exhaustive scope and insights. He describes the Méditations as a 'veritable religious-opera in sound, theatrical, dramatic and expansive,' that even includes Wagner-style leitmotifs for the 'three principal characters,' as he puts it: God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. The first meditation begins with the motif of the Father played in heaving blasts, followed by a repeat of the theme played ominously on the pedals as transfixing chords hover above in Messiaen’s distinctive brand of harmony: thick with notes yet somehow grounded and organic. As the meditations progress, assertive statements of the mingling motifs are sometimes enshrouded in celestial harmonies and regularly interrupted by skittish birdcalls. Quotations from plainchant are answered by alluring chord progressions in which piercing clusters gradually thin out until only a holistic diatonic harmony remains. But these blissful moments are no more spiritual that the gnarly stretches in which the organ growls in aggressively dissonant chords or crazed bursts of runs and riffs. . . . What a privilege to hear Mr. Gillock play this eclectic Messiaen masterwork, which he will be recording at the church this week. During the ovation, he held up his well-worn copy of the score" [Anthony Tommasini, The New York Times, 11/16/22].


November 16

American premiere of Peter Maxwell Davies's Kommilitonen! Peter Jay Sharp Theater, Juilliard School, New York, NY. Through November 20. "There are many impressive things about Kommilitonen!, the new opera by Peter Maxwell Davies, with a libretto by David Pountney . . . . Best of all is Mr. Davies’s exhilarating score. Here, for once, is a modern opera that exudes musical modernism. The spirited conductor Anne Manson drew an incisive, colorful performance of this demanding score from the Juilliard Orchestra. Its composer, Peter Maxwell Davies, passes Occupy Wall Street members with placards linking their protests to his opera about unrest. In Europe operas with comparably spiky atonal scores are routine. But there seems to be a widespread assumption among the managers of American companies that the best way to entice audiences to new works is to recruit composers who write musically accessible operas: harmonically bland and cloyingly lyrical, however contemporary the subject matter. Mr. Davies was a major figure in the European avant-garde. Over the years he may have softened the hard edges of his modernist language. But at 77 he still writes bracingly gritty and complex music. Kommilitonen!, which loosely translates from the German as 'fellow students,' is an exploration of political activism and protest movements that entwines three stories based on real people. One concerns the black student James Meredith, who in 1962, in the face of violent opposition, compelled the segregated University of Mississippi to enroll him. Another focuses on two Chinese students caught up in the Cultural Revolution, who were forced to denounce their parents, dedicated schoolteachers. The final story involves a brother and sister in Nazi Germany who joined the White Rose resistance movement but were caught and executed. The opera, a joint project developed by the Royal Academy of Music in London and the Juilliard School, received its premiere in London in March. In his many dramatic works and unconventional operas, Mr. Davies has excelled at putting contemporary-music techniques to arresting theatrical purposes. “Kommilitonen!” opens with a fidgety fanfare. On the surface the music is brash and brassy; the fractured rhythms and pointed harmonies rattle you. The music continues in that vein. In a ruminative aria for James Meredith, the churning orchestra blends pentatonic phrases from a spiritual into subdued, restless atonal harmonies. Above it, Meredith sings in recitativelike lines that hug the words and avoid lyrical effusions. Yet it comes across as a character-defining aria, especially as sung here by Will Liverman, a mellow-voiced and charismatic baritone. The way the opera cuts continually from one group of characters to another lends the work cinematic vibrancy. The story of the young Germans working in the resistance movement centers on Sophie Scholl (Deanna Breiwick, a rich-voiced soprano) and her brother Hans (Alexander Hajek, a robust baritone). In one scene a member of their group acquires a duplicating machine to help with printing leaflets. The young people find it wondrous, an emotion conveyed by Mr. Davies in strangely celestial music. But the moment that got me was a domestic scene, an evening of lieder around the house piano, in which one of the activists, Willi Graf, plays accompaniments in the style of early Schoenberg as others sing. This Willi, Leo Radosavljevic, a bass-baritone, actually played the difficult piano part very well. The story of the Chinese brother and sister, Wu (a gifted mezzo-soprano, Wallis Giunta) and Li (Heather Engebretson, a sweet-voiced soprano), was included, Mr. Pountney explains in a director’s note, to show 'mass manipulations of young people.' For these scenes Mr. Davies evokes Chinese folk music through the onstage playing of a subdued erhu and satirizes official Communist music with bombastic marches. Mr. Pountney directed the stunning production of Zimmermann’s opera Die Soldaten presented by Lincoln Center at the Park Avenue Armory in 2008. This production, with sets and costumes by Robert Innes Hopkins and puppetry by Blind Summit Theater, is a triumph of simplicity and fluid stage maneuvers. In a recent interview with The New York Times, Mr. Pountney said that Kommilitonen! was conceived in 2008, when 'there wasn’t any' student activism. By the time of the premiere earlier this year, protests had broken out worldwide. . . . [A]bout two dozen protesters from the Occupy Wall Street movement stood outside the Juilliard building. I spoke with a couple, who said they were not protesting Juilliard, though there were denunciations of David H. Koch, the billionaire supporter of right-wing causes and of arts institutions. They were there, they said, to continue their campaign on behalf of the 99 percent and show that activism is alive. One protester invoked the last line of the opera: 'There is no quota on freedom'" [Anthony Tommasini, The New York Times, 11/17/11].


November 19

Revival of Robert Ashley’s first opera That Morning Thing, with Varispeed. The Kitchen, New York, NY.

The Music Box. New Orleans, LA. "The Music Box, the project of which this tower is a part, is one of those things that requires a hyphen or a compound word to describe; Delaney Martin, its curator, calls it 'a shantytown-sound laboratory.' In more literal terms, it is a collection of tumbledown wooden and metal structures built on the site, and almost entirely from the remains of a late-18th-century Creole cottage that collapsed a couple of years ago here in the historic, bohemian Bywater neighborhood. Each structure houses an instrument, or two or three. In some cases the structures are musical instruments themselves. There is the thatched-roof hut that is home to an elaborate arrangement of Balinese vibraphones, the shack with amplified floorboards, the rusty spiral staircase that is also a foot-operated pipe organ and the little glass house containing what looks like a giant, bell-lined hoop skirt. They are all clustered together on the narrow lot, like the stage set of a fairy tale that takes place in a junkyard. The Music Box, as art installation and orchestra . . . is also a test run for a larger project: a giant, musical house called Dithyrambalina, which will eventually be built on the same spot after The Music Box is dismantled. The big name involved in this is Swoon, the New York installation artist known for, among other things, creating a flotilla of jerry-built boats that floated down the Hudson River and showed up at the Venice Biennale. She designed Dithyrambalina, and her elaborate paper cutout figures adorn the walls of the temporary structures of The Music Box. But the idea for the house came about collaboratively, as Swoon and several of her friends who live here discussed what to do with the collapsing cottage. Jay Pennington, who with Ms. Martin had started an arts organization called New Orleans Airlift, owned the cottage, and lives next to the lot where the house will be built. . . . Ms. Martin decided that the musical house needed a research-and-development phase, a temporary artwork in itself, which became The Music Box. In April she sent an e-mail to people she variously calls 'tinkerers and makers,' 'wonderful eccentric genius types' and 'weirdos,' of whom there is no shortage in this city. She asked each to design and build a shack, and within it an instrument for The Music Box, with the idea that lessons learned in that project could inform the eventual design of the house. She also required that the instrument 'somehow engage the idea of housiness.' Thus there is an organ with a sound that suggests the eerie music of water traveling through pipes, another instrument that evokes the murmur of voices on the other side of a wall, and another that echoes the sound of cars passing by with speakers blasting. There were 23 artists involved in creating the shantytown, including tinkerers local and international, like the Swiss musician Simon Berz, who created an amped-up and reconfigured rocking chair. The inventors of the instruments, in most cases, did not meet the performers who would use them. There is a rotating cast of performers for the concerts, and the range is eclectic. On the Balinese vibraphones on Saturday night was Dickie Landry, a saxophonist who lives in Lafayette, La., and was a founding member of the Philip Glass Ensemble; up there on the microphone was Nicky Da B, a rapper on the New Orleans Bounce scene; sitting in the canopy of bells was Theris Valvery, a Mardi Gras Indian in full dress. The score consisted of eight rather simple instructions, like Dream Sequence and Evolve Into Noise!!! Conducting was a musician named Quintron, who also contributed a synthesizer that looks like a stand-alone drainpipe and plays one droning chord that changes with exposure to sun, wind and water. Before some 200 spectators -- who sat on wooden bleachers, stood against Mr. Pennington’s house and in some cases sat in the shacks themselves -- Quintron stood, holding several signs on sticks. He held up a yellow square, and somewhere within the rickety town a rhythm began. It started to build, growing, then fading, according to Quintron’s signage. The concert lasted about a half-hour, and ranged from a rattling rhythm to a sheet of noise to an eerie, fading drone, almost like the sound of a storm passing through. Then everyone in the audience got up and explored the little town, walking into and around the shacks. This was a limited chance to look; the town will most likely be dismantled over the winter. It would be hard-pressed to endure the crime and storms that are never far out of mind here, and of course there is that new house to build" [Campbell Robertson, 11/21/11].

Recording


Alan Hovhaness. American Mystic: Music of Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000), Centennial Collection (Prayer of St. Gregory, Op.62b; The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam, Op.308; 4 Bagatelles, Op.30 Nos.1-4; Symphony No.2, Op.132, Mysterious Mountain; String Quartet No.2, Op.147, Gamelan in Sosi Style; String Quartet No.2, Op.147, Spirit Murmur; The Flowering Peach, Op.125; And God Created Great Whales, Op.229, No.1). Delos. "At home one day in 1956 George Avakian, then one of the top executives and producers at Columbia Records, received a telephone call from the classical music composer Alan Hovhaness, who told him, 'There’s a terrific musician from India who is here, and you should meet him.' His friend was so adamant, Mr. Avakian recalled recently, that a few minutes later Hovhaness was knocking on the door, with Ravi Shankar in tow. The consequences of that encounter were many, starting with Mr. Shankar, who at that time had no recording contract in the United States, making a series of American albums, one with liner notes written by Hovhaness. But within a decade Mr. Shankar was also giving sitar lessons to George Harrison and playing at the Monterey Pop Festival -- events that encouraged an entire generation of rock and pop musicians and listeners to look eastward for new inspiration. This year is the centennial of Hovhaness’s birth, and for the occasion Delos Records just released a commemorative CD of some of his most important orchestral and chamber works . . . . Born near Boston to an Armenian father and a Scottish mother, Hovhaness (pronounced ho-VON-iss) gravitated from the very beginning to music outside the European tradition. His first contact with Mr. Shankar came during a United States tour by the Shankar family dance troupe in 1936, but from childhood Hovhaness had been immersed in the work of Komitas Vartabed, an Armenian priest and musicologist of the late 19th century who specialized in the medieval liturgical and folk music of his homeland in the Caucasus. In the world of mainstream American classical music, however, Hovhaness, who died in 2000, was --and remains -- an outlier. At a time when dissonance, serialism and other styles were in vogue and many of his colleagues were writing works meant to be both modern and specifically American, Hovhaness embraced tonality and also showed a fondness for archaic elements like the polyphony of Renaissance music and the counterpoint of Baroque fugues. 'Alan was a composer who was not really interested in being contemporary, and he didn’t look to Western Europe as his only inspiration,' said Dennis Russell Davies, a conductor who has long championed the music of Hovhaness, first as music director of the American Composers Orchestra and the Brooklyn Philharmonic and now at the Bruckner Orchestra in Linz, Austria. 'He wasn’t concerned with trends. He had a vision of what he wanted his music to sound like, and he just responded to that inner voice.' As Hovhaness’s initial fascination with Armenian music expanded, his curiosity led him further and further afield, first to India, where he lived in 1959 and 1960, then Indonesia, and finally to Japan, China, and Korea. Those influences all worked their way into his music. . . . [H]e also wrote pieces he described as ghazals, the name given to a genre of classical sung poetry popular in India and Pakistan. 'To me the hundreds of scales and ragas possible in Eastern musical systems afford both discipline and stimuli for a great expansion of melodic creations,' Hovhaness once said in an interview. 'I am more interested in creating fresh, spontaneous, singing melodic lines than in the factory-made tonal patterns of industrial civilization or the splotches and spots of sound hurled at random on a canvas of imaginary silence.' The two most common complaints against Hovhaness are that his work is 'exotic' and that he was simply too prolific. . . . He wrote more than 400 pieces, among them 67 symphonies . . . . He also complained of 'the tyranny of the piano' in classical music, and, to combat it, wrote pieces featuring Middle Eastern stringed instruments like the oud and kanun, and other compositions mimicking wind instruments like the Armenian duduk and the oboes and flutes used in Japanese gagaku music, one of Hovhaness’s favorite styles. At the time he was experimenting with all of this it may indeed have seemed exotic. But such sources and techniques are now widely used in both popular and classical music. As Mr. Davies noted, Arvo Pärt and Giya Kancheli 'are two composers who in their own way have done a similar thing' by drawing on medieval liturgical music and feeling 'at home using tonality and expressing spirituality.' Hovhaness’s career started promisingly and conventionally enough. When the BBC Symphony Orchestra performed his first symphony, called 'Exile' in recognition of the genocide Armenia had suffered under Turkish rule, Leslie Howard, the conductor of the ensemble, described Hovhaness, then still in his 20s, as a 'young genius.' But at Tanglewood one summer in the early 1940's Leonard Bernstein and Aaron Copland publicly attacked Hovhaness, with Bernstein going to the piano to play chords mocking his style, which he derided as 'cheap ghetto music.' Hovhaness withdrew to regroup, earning his living as an organist at an Armenian church and destroying many of his scores. But he returned after World War II with an even stronger commitment to writing melodic music that featured nontraditional scales and instrumentation. An innovative 1945 work, a concerto for piano and orchestra called Lousadzak, used elements of aleatory music, with instruments repeating phrases in random, uncoordinated fashion. That technique impressed John Cage and Lou Harrison, two fellow composers who became Hovhaness’s friends and supporters; the growing individuality of his music may also help explain his considerable appeal to jazz musicians over the years. In 1947 the saxophonist Sam Rivers studied orchestration with Hovhaness, who at the time was teaching at a conservatory in Boston, and cites Hovhaness as an important early influence on his development as a musician. 'In a way you could say Hovhaness was the start of free music,' Mr. Rivers said last month, referring to a style practiced by John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman and others in the 1960s. 'Jazz didn’t come up in his course, although Armenian and Asian music did. But he always talked of trying to go beyond the limits, of following your own path, not the traditional composers, and challenging the whole structure of music, and that had a big impact on me.' The jazz pianist and harpist Alice Coltrane, who played in the quartet of her husband, John, was also known to be an admirer of Hovhaness, and when the guitarist Carlos Santana was in his jazz phase in the late 1970s and early 1980s and occasionally working with her, he recorded a version of the second movement of 'Mysterious Mountain' for his album Oneness. The jazz bass virtuoso Jaco Pastorius recorded and often improvised live on 'Mysterious Mountain,' and Wynton Marsalis has recorded Prayer of St. Gregory. But among current jazz figures influenced by Hovhaness the best-known is probably Keith Jarrett, who recorded Lousadzak in 1989. It was in the early 1970s, when Mr. Avakian was managing Mr. Jarrett, that the pianist seems to have first expressed interest in Hovhaness’s music. Mr. Avakian’s wife, the violinist Anahid Ajemian, who played or recorded many Hovhaness works beginning in the 1940s, gave Mr. Jarrett scores and recordings to study and not long after began detecting the results in the early piano solo albums that made Mr. Jarrett an international star. Mr. Davies was the conductor when Mr. Jarrett recorded Lousadzak, which means something like 'dawn of light' in Armenian. He too sees a strong connection. 'Both Hovhaness and Lou Harrison have been very influential in a direct way on Keith,' in part because 'they have a melodic and harmonic language that is very close to him,' Mr. Davies said. 'When Keith was forming his improvised music, these two composers had already written a lot of that, so he felt at home there, that it was part of his musical language.' Eventually Hovhaness settled in Seattle, which seems appropriate in view of his interest in the civilizations on the other side of the Pacific Rim. . . . 'Hovhaness’s own music may have been too idiosyncratic for others to copy, but his embrace of other cultures has been influential in general,' said Gerard Schwarz, musical director of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra, which regularly features the Hovhaness repertory. 'He opened that world to other composers, the way they were influenced harmonically by Debussy and rhythmically by Stravinsky. Would they have heard it anyway? Who knows? But certainly Hovhaness was there first'" [Larry Rohter, The New York Times, 11/4/11].

Thursday, December 1, 2011

21ST-CENTURY MUSIC / December 2011


21ST
CENTURY
MUSIC


December 2011

Volume 18, Number 12


Chronicle of October 2011


Illustration / Mos Def (b. Darrell Terrell Smith)


Editorial Staff

Mark Alburger

EDITOR-PUBLISHER

Harriet March Page
ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Patti Noel Deuter
ASSISTANT EDITOR

Erling Wold
WEBMASTER

Elizabeth Agnew
Alexis Alrich
Katherine Buono
Ken Bullock
A.J. Churchill
David Cleary
Jeff Dunn
Phillip George
Elliot Harmon
Brian Holmes
Jeff Kaliss
John Lane
Arel Lucas
Michael McDonagh
Chip Michael
Tom Moore
William Rowland
Lisa Scola Prosek
Andrew Shapiro
Alice Shields
CORRESPONDENTS


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Chronicle of October 2011



October 1

Restoration Rocks Festival. Mos Def, in collaboration with the Brooklyn Philharmonic, conducted by Alan Pierson. New York, NY. "Pierson has made an enviable name for himself over the last decade as the artistic director of Alarm Will Sound, a vital, omnivorous 20-member chamber ensemble formed in 2001 by graduate students at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester. Working with Alarm Will Sound has earned Mr. Pierson a glowing reputation as an insightful, flexible leader in a vast range of modern music: from John Adams and Harrison Birtwistle to Edgard Varèse and Frank Zappa, with significant sidelong ventures into classic Beatles songs and complex electronica by Aphex Twin. Along the way Mr. Pierson picked up a second engagement as the principal conductor of the Crash Ensemble, a 14-year-old Irish contemporary-classical outfit. Those activities, along with a full schedule of freelance engagements, were more than enough to keep Mr. Pierson occupied. But with a performance on Saturday evening during the Restoration Rocks Music Festival in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, Mr. Pierson enters uncharted territory as the new artistic director of the Brooklyn Philharmonic. In the concert, one of two events designated by the orchestra as season previews, Mr. Pierson and members of the orchestra will collaborate with the prominent hip-hop artist Mos Def. More than a surprising detour in Mr. Pierson’s ascendant career path, the concert shows a spark of life for the Brooklyn Philharmonic, an august and hardy institution founded in 1857 and lately fallen on hard times. A groundbreaking ensemble internationally known for its provocative programming, it evaporated in recent years to a trickle of community-oriented chamber-music events. 'The choice to let that happen actually has been good for us,' Mr. Pierson said during a recent interview in his apartment in Hell’s Kitchen. 'The institution had time to really wipe the slate clean and reconsider everything, and then come out again with something new, without the burden of attachment to something old,' a distinction that could help the orchestra avoid the kind of negative publicity that has greeted similar notions of reinvention afoot at the New York City Opera. The orchestra retains the benefits of its name and its legacy, he added, 'but we don’t have a thousand subscribers who were on a season last year, wanting to know why it’s something different this year.' What the Brooklyn Philharmonic does not have, at least for now, is a steady home to replace its longtime residence at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. Instead, the ensemble intends to establish enduring bases throughout the borough. In addition to Bedford-Stuyvesant, it will be active in Brighton Beach, where it will present rare Soviet-era Russian cartoon music with its current full complement of 40 musicians in early November, and in downtown Brooklyn, where it will perform at Roulette next March. A peripatetic existence with uncertain returns might terrify most potential artistic directors. For Mr. Pierson, who will continue his associations with Alarm Will Sound and Crash Ensemble, it was an enticement. 'There were two things they had that piqued my interest,' he said of the initial discussions. 'One was the beginning of this really interesting sketch of making the Brooklyn Philharmonic Brooklyn’s orchestra.' Rather than going from neighborhood to neighborhood, hat in hand, the orchestra would insert itself into new communities in organic and meaningful ways, absorbing cultural lessons and cross-pollinating aesthetics and audiences. 'The second thing they had that was great was nothing else,' Mr. Pierson said. 'There was no ‘Here’s our six-concert subscription season, we can’t lose that,’ or ‘We have this great pops program that’s bringing in a lot of money, we don’t want to touch that.’ There was nothing set in stone.' The process of shrugging off the burdens of convention and expectation was under way before Mr. Pierson was hired . . . Pierson’s hand in the season ahead is evident in a number of eclectic programs with historical, cultural and literary ties to the borough. Canonical works by Copland and Bernstein and pieces by rising Brooklyn composers mingle with traditional shape-note singing, jazz and hip-hop, all of it integral to the orchestra’s work, rather than treated as fringe programming. Still, Mr. Pierson said, the chance to conduct mainstream classical repertory like Beethoven’s Third Symphony, which will be parceled out among several concerts, was an opportunity he relished" [Steve Smith, The New York Times, 9/30/11].


October 2

Death of Piero [Ernesto] Weiss (b. 1/26/28, Trieste, Italy), of complications of pneumonia, at 83. Baltimore, MD. "[He was] a former concert pianist and recording artist who turned to musicology, becoming an author and co-author of books in the field, including a widely used textbook, and founding the music history department at the Peabody Conservatory . . . . Coming of age in a generation of pianists that included Gary Graffman, Claude Frank, Jacob Lateiner, Leon Fleisher and Seymour Lipkin, all of whom were lifelong friends, Dr. Weiss performed in Europe and America from the age of 16 into his 30's and recorded works by Schubert, Schumann, Debussy, and Ravel. His broadcast performance of Mendelssohn’s First Piano Concerto from Lewisohn Stadium in Manhattan in 1958 was part of the first FM transmission in stereophonic sound. Mr. Graffman, in his memoir, I Really Should Be Practicing, wrote, 'Piero’s musicological knowledge was far greater than mine, and covered much more than just piano literature.' His scholarly bent eventually won out, leading him away from the concert stage and into an academic career. He enrolled at Columbia University, earning a B.A. in 1950 and a Ph.D. in musicology in 1970. Dr. Weiss was the author of four books, including, with Richard Taruskin, Music in the Western World: A History in Documents, an anthology of source readings that has been adopted as a college textbook throughout the United States and Canada. . . . Dr. Weiss taught at Columbia from 1964 to 1985, when he joined the faculty at the prestigious Peabody Conservatory, part of Johns Hopkins University, where he remained until his death. He also taught performance at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia. [He] was born . . . into a Jewish Italian family well known in the worlds of business and the arts. His father, Ottocaro Weiss, was an insurance executive; his mother, the former Ortensia Schmitz, was a violinist and a niece of the novelist Italo Svevo. Mr. Weiss fled Fascist Italy with his family in 1938 and arrived in New York in 1940. As a young man, he studied piano with Isabella Vengerova and Rudolf Serkin, music theory and composition with Karl Weigl, and chamber music with Adolf Busch" [James R. Oestreich, The New York Times, 10/8/11].


October 3

Red Light New Music presents In a Landscape: Music as Map: works “influenced by physical environments, from the arctic to the urban to the volcanic.” New York, NY. "That description was revised in the program book to account for the fact that two, perhaps three, of the four works had nothing at all to do with locations. 'Tonight,' the introductory note read, 'we focus on two types of environments: the psychological and the physical.' In The Night Mare Christopher Cerrone uses an electronic drone and sudden mezzo-piano instrumental thwacks -- actually toneless string and woodwind attacks with no follow through -- to suggest the dark, eerie atmosphere of a dream gone wrong. With that as backdrop he builds gentle but anxiety-drenched themes from delicate, treble piano figures and fills out the texture with a blend of vibraphones and electronic timbres that together create the impression of a distant, wordless chorale. Mr. Cerrone’s scoring is skillful and economical, and he captures the spirit of a nightmare without diving into a sea of cinematic clichés. His piece was the program’s highlight. It was hard to know what to make of Chaya Czernowin’s Love Song. In her program note Ms. Czernowin writes that she wanted to capture the resonances, energy, intensity and loss of control that is part of falling in love. Like Mr. Cerrone, she rejects the predictable imagery: don’t look for the couple running toward each other in slow motion to the strains of Romantic string writing. What Ms. Czernowin offers here -- a brisk, fragmentary stream of pizzicatos, sliding figures, electronic sounds, breathy woodwind bursts -- is scarier than anything in Mr. Cerrone’s nightmare piece. That was the point, presumably, but the romance Ms. Czernowin describes is oddly joyless. The half of the program devoted to physical landscapes opened with The Light Within, a score by the Alaskan composer John Luther Adams. You might have expected this to be the promised arctic piece, but it was inspired by the artist James Turrell’s Meeting, one of his 'skyscape' installations, which Mr. Adams had seen at MoMA P.S.1 in Long Island City, Queens. Much the way Mr. Turrell’s work lets a viewer take in gradually changing characteristics of light over many hours, Mr. Adams’s piece presents what seems on the surface a single, unchanging, densely voiced chord. But this is Minimalism in its classic, hypnotic form: not much seems to happen on the surface, but within the chord, balances and colors shift slowly and inexorably. Whether light qualifies as a physical landscape may be open to debate. But Vincent Raikhel’s Cirques and Moraines, which closed the program, describes a glacier in Switzerland and was created, Mr. Raikhel writes 'through mapping the anatomical characteristics of glaciers onto a sound texture.' The result is a lot like Ms. Czernowin’s piece, but it has the benefit of an assertive solo cello line, played here with energy and a touch of poetry by John Popham. Ted Hearne conducted the ensemble in all four scores" [Allan Kozinn, The New York Times, 10/7/11].


October 5

The Supreme Court hears argument over weather Congress acted constitutionally in 1994 by resoring copyright protection to foreign works that had once been in the public domain. Washington, DC. "The affected works included films by Alfred Hitchcock and Federico Fellini, books by C. S. Lewis and Virginia Woolf, symphonies by Prokofiev and Stravinsky, and paintings by Picasso. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. posed the general question in the case this way: “One day I can perform Shostakovich. Congress does something. The next day I can’t. Doesn’t that present a serious First Amendment problem?” Then the chief justice, a pioneer in the citation of popular music in legal discourse, asked the question slightly differently, invoking Hendrix, the great rock guitarist, to test the limits of the government’s position. 'What about Jimi Hendrix, right? He has a distinctive rendition of the national anthem, and assuming the national anthem is suddenly entitled to copyright protection that it wasn’t before, he can’t do that, right?' The solicitor general, Donald B. Verrilli Jr., making his debut in the post, said there were good reasons to allow Congress to restore copyright protection to works that had entered the public domain, even at some cost to free expression by performers and others. Responding to the chief justice’s hypothetical question, Mr. Verrilli said that 'maybe Jimi Hendrix could claim fair use.' The 1994 law applies, he said, to foreign works that had not been eligible for copyright protection before the United States joined and implemented an international convention. The terms of the newly copyrighted works, he added, expire on the same day they would have had they been copyrighted since their creation. Justice Sonia Sotomayor said there was nothing unusual in granting copyright protection to works that had once been in the public domain. In 1790, she said, Congress 'took a whole body of public works and gave them copyright protection the day they decided to pass the copyright law.' Anthony T. Falzone, representing the challengers to the law, disputed that as a historical matter saying that 'that was the first copyright act, and Congress established a baseline.; Justice Elena Kagan recused herself from the case, presumably because she worked on it as solicitor general. That raised the possibility of a 4-4 tie that would automatically affirm a decision of the federal appeals court in Denver, which had upheld the law. There is reason to think, Mr. Verrilli told the court, that American authors and artists will be treated better abroad because foreign authors and artists have received expanded copyright protection here. Mr. Falzone questioned that. Congress, he said, 'took speech rights of 250 million Americans and turned them into the private property of foreign authors, all on the bare possibility that might put more money in the pocket of some U.S. authors.' Near the end of his argument in the case, Golan v. Holder, No. 10-545, Mr. Falzone returned to the chief justice’s reference to performers like Hendrix. 'There can’t be any doubt, as I think Chief Justice Roberts got at, that the performance has a huge amount of original expression bound up in it,' Mr. Falzone said. 'It’s the reason it’s different to see King Lear at the Royal Shakespeare Company; it’s the reason it’s different when John Coltrane plays a jazz standard'" [Adam Liptak, The New York Times, 10/5/11].

Anthony Braxton Festival. Roulette, New York, NY. "Braxton, 66, has been a force in the American avant-garde since the 1960s, when he emerged in his native Chicago as a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians. Within the first decade of his arrival, he was being toasted in some circles as 'the new messiah, the new Charlie Parker-John Coltrane-Ornette Coleman,' as Whitney Balliett put it in The New Yorker. As a composer, conceptualist and saxophonist, Mr. Braxton exemplified the steep intellectualization of one wing of jazz’s avant-garde; his compositions often included notation in the form of pictographs and algebraic formulas, and he wrote pieces not only for jazz ensembles but also for classical orchestras (in one memorable instance, for four of them at once). One piece from 1971, Composition 19 (For 100 Tubas), finally had its premiere five years ago as a rumbling overture to that year’s Bang on a Can Marathon in Lower Manhattan. 'I wanted to have an experience like my role models,' Mr. Braxton said after the rehearsal, at a nearby pub. 'Karlheinz Stockhausen, Charlie Mingus, Iannis Xenakis, Sun Ra, Hildegard von Bingen. The people who were thinking large scale and small scale. I might not have been able to get the money to do what I would have liked to do. But you can still compose it and have the hope that maybe in the future it can be realized.' Mr. Braxton has often suggested that his sprawling output -- and the equally irreducible theoretical discourse surrounding it -- should be understood as a single body of work. To that end, his music has become a bit more accessible recently, thanks to a spate of archival releases. But that hasn’t made things easier for Mr. Braxton. 'This is a somewhat frustrating time cycle for me, in the sense that I rarely work anymore,' he said. 'My work has been marginalized as far as the jazz-business complex is concerned, or the contemporary-music complex.' Were it not for his tenured post at Wesleyan, where he has taught for more than 20 years, 'maybe I would be driving a taxicab or something,' he said. The Tri-Centric Foundation -- formed in 1994, and revived last year after a decade of inactivity -- has been another bulwark against that fate. It relies on the efforts of former Braxton protégés like Mr. Bynum, the vocalist Kyoko Kitamura and the multi-instrumentalist Matthew Welch, who will all participate in the festival" [Nate Chinen, The New York Times, 10/4/11].


October 6

Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center performs trios by Maurice Ravel and Joaquin Turina. Rose Studio, New York, NY. "Turina experienced a eureka moment in 1907 while having a drink with his compatriots Isaac Albéniz and Manuel de Falla in Paris. He later wrote that during that evening he 'realized that music should be an art, and not a diversion for the frivolity of women and the dissipation of men.' Turina (along with Albéniz, de Falla and Enrique Granados) contributed a distinctive voice to Spanish concert music, often incorporating traditional folk songs and dances into works like his Trio No. 1 in D for piano, violin, and cello. It received a stellar performance [in this concer] . . . . The pianist Orion Weiss, the violinist Bella Hristova and the cellist Jakob Koranyi opened the program with an elegant and intense interpretation of the Turina work, which begins with a nostalgic exchange between violin and cello and later makes references to Spanish dances like the Muñeira from Galicia, the Jota from Aragon and the Soleares from Andalucia. All three musicians played with commitment, deftly illuminating the work’s impressionistic hues. . . . Sparks flew when [Koranyi] joined the violinist Jessica Lee and the pianist Inon Barnatan for a passionate rendition of Ravel’s sensuous [T]rio [in A Minor], influenced by the folk music of that composer’s Basque heritage. The playing was in turn soulful and fervid, with the last movement unfolding in a blaze of color" [Vivien Schweitzer, The New York Times, 10/7/11].


October 11

Carnegie Hall’s 120th anniversary celebration, with Valery Gergiev and the Marinsky Orchestra. New York, NY. "Gergiev and the orchestra finished their weeklong stand in mostly fine style with three movements from Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet, Shostakovich’s First Symphony and . . . Liadov’s Baba-Yaga" [James R. Oestreich, The New York Times, 10/13/11].


October 13

Daniel Bernard Roumain's Symphony for the Dance Floor. Harvey Theater, Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York, NY. "Surrounded by booming electronic dance beats and a corps of hip-hop dancers, Mr. Roumain is game, likable and inoffensive to the core. He makes gestures toward aggression and sexuality, but they -- and this 75-minute work as a whole -- register more as harmless . . . . Symphony is the final installment in a trilogy of large-scale projects that the Brooklyn Academy has commissioned from Mr. Roumain. Part of the Next Wave Festival and directed by D. J. Mendel, it is the peppiest . . . of the three works . . . [including] One Loss Plus (2007) and . . . Darwin’s Meditation for the People of Lincoln (2008). Inspired by Haiti’s devastating 2010 earthquake, the new work is 'a celebration of life,' Mr. Roumain writes in his program notes. Like One Loss Plus and Darwin’s Meditation, it has a form that is loosely episodic. There’s a moody opening solo; lively dance breaks in attitudes alternately exuberant and intense; a rap about a couple’s double suicide; a short black-and-white film; some allusions to the phallic properties of the violin; [and] a slide show of urban life . . . . As Donald Rumsfeld once put it, stuff happens. . . . Roumain’s interests are diverse, his taste for collaboration admirable" [Zachary Woolfe, The New York Times, 10/14/11].

The Orpheus Chamber Orchestra premieres Cynthia Wong's Memoriam. Carnegie Hall, New York, NY. "The conductorless Orpheus Chamber Orchestra has long demonstrated its mettle in Baroque and classical fare. More recently it has ventured into romantic and contemporary terrain, which is invariably harder to navigate without a conductor. In honor of its 40th anniversary next year Orpheus has commissioned four new pieces through its Project 440, in which 60 emerging composers were nominated and then whittled down to four via public feedback and panel reviews. . . . Wong dedicated the elegiac work to her father, who died of cancer in March, and more broadly to cancer victims and their caregivers. She was also inspired by Rilke and inserted lines from his poetry ('Even his downfall was for him only a pretext for achieving his final birth') in the score. Her piece, with sheer, oscillating textures that were elegantly conveyed, opened with a mournful introduction whose mood evolved into a more lively and humorous middle section. Darting wind fragments and fast, improvised passages over agitated strings eventually subsided into a quiet, yearning conclusion" [Vivien Schweitzer, The New York Times, 10/16/11].


October 16

Fabio Luisi leads the Met Orchestra in John Harbison's Closer to My Own Life. Carnegie Hall, New York, NY. "Fabio Luisi has been under the opera world’s microscope since last season, when it became clear that the Metropolitan Opera, which had made him its principal guest conductor in 2010, was grooming him to succeed James Levine as its music director. The scrutiny intensified last month, when the latest in a series of injuries and health problems forced Mr. Levine to withdraw from his Met commitments, and the company removed the word 'guest' from Mr. Luisi’s title. Mr. Levine’s workload seems not to faze Mr. Luisi. . . . Levine has transformed this ensemble from a fine pit band into one of the world’s great symphony orchestras, and these concerts have become his nonoperatic signature performances in New York, rivaled only recently (and briefly) by his visits with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. For Mr. Luisi the challenge is to maintain the level Mr. Levine established, while moving his own interpretive personality into the spotlight. . . . Harbison’s style is a blend of neo-Romantic warmth and modernist angularity, and this work, with its retrospective text by Alice Munro (from The View From the Castle Rock) and its fitful string writing, sharply punctuating percussion and chromatic vocal writing, sounded like a sophisticated, slightly acidic update of Barber’s Knoxville: Summer of 1915. Christine Rice, a mezzo-soprano, was the appealing soloist" [Allan Kozinn, The New York Times, 11/17/11].


October 17

Death of Edgar M[arion] Villchur (b. 5/28/17, New York, NY), at 94. Woodstock, NY. "[He invented] a small loudspeaker that could produce deep, rich bass tones [which] opened the high-fidelity music market in the 1950s to millions of everyday listeners . . . . Audiophiles have hailed Mr. Villchur as a seminal figure in the field. In its 50th-anniversary issue in 2006, Hi-Fi News ranked him No. 1 among the 50 Most Important Audio Pioneers. John Atkinson, the editor of Stereophile magazine, credits him with bringing hi-fi into the home. 'Villchur’s development of what he called the acoustic suspension woofer made it possible for music lovers to buy loudspeakers that were domestically acceptable,' Mr. Atkinson said in a 2009 interview. 'A guy’s wife could accept their presence on the bookshelf in the living room.' Before Mr. Villchur’s invention of the AR-1 loudspeaker in 1954, producing high-fidelity bass tones required speakers large enough to generate the long wavelengths of the deep notes. Some speakers were as large as a refrigerator. In the cabinet, mounted toward the front, would be what hi-fi specialists call the drive unit: a cone-shaped device activated by a magnet and a coil of wire to produce the sound. In the early days of hi-fi, manufacturers were not fully aware of the relationship between the drive unit and the acoustic role played by the cabinet itself, and they sometimes left the rear of the cabinet open. Mr. Villchur realized that if the cabinet were completely sealed, the air trapped inside would act something like a spring that would control the cone’s vibrations, greatly enhancing the drive unit’s low-frequency performance. 'My measurements showed that my little prototype had better bass and less distortion than anything on the market, yet it was one-quarter the size,' Mr. Villchur said in an interview with Stereophile in 2005. 'I thought, 'This has got to be the future of loudspeakers.'' It was. By 1966, according to Stereo Review magazine, Mr. Villchur’s company, Acoustic Research, was the leader in the nation’s speaker market, with a share of just over 32 percent. One of Mr. Villchur’s breakthrough speakers was placed on permanent exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution in 1993. Mr. Villchur also made two other advances that greatly improved high-fidelity performance. He developed one of the first dome tweeters, a drive unit that produces high frequencies. Before the tweeter, high frequencies were emitted by the woofer, but with very poor sound quality. Instead of the cone, Mr. Villchur (and other innovators working independently of one another) devised small dome-shaped diaphragms that proved optimal for producing high frequencies. In the early days of the turntable, one of its biggest problems was an effect called rumble: vibrations from the motor and the turntable that were picked up by the needle. Mr. Villchur’s solution was to separate the motor from the turntable and connect the two with a rubber belt, significantly reducing the vibrations. Even though digital sound has largely replaced vinyl and turntables, Mr. Atkinson said, 'Edgar Villchur’s inventions have led to the application of scientific principles that are used in every loudspeaker now on the market.' Edgar Marion Villchur was . . . the only child of Mark and Mariam Villchur, who had immigrated from Russia. His father was editor of a Russian-language newspaper, his mother a biologist. . . . In his basement, [Edgar] Villchur began testing his notion of a sealed-cabinet loudspeaker. One day in spring 1954, speaking to his acoustics class at N.Y.U, he hinted at his idea. One student, Henry Kloss, stayed after class, eager to learn more. Soon, student and teacher were in Mr. Villchur’s 1938 Buick, headed to Woodstock. In Mr. Villchur’s basement workshop, they listened to the copious low-frequency tones on an LP recorded by the renowned organist E. Power Biggs. Mr. Kloss had a loft in Cambridge, Mass., where he was already building mail-order cabinets for Baruch-Lang speakers. It became the first headquarters for Acoustic Research. Mr. Kloss, who died in 2002, is credited with designing the production process for the AR-1 speaker and its successors, the AR-2 and the AR-3, which combined Mr. Villchur’s woofer and tweeter models. Among Mr. Villchur’s duties was promoting the products. In the early 1960s he sponsored “live versus recorded” concerts around the country, including one in a recital room at Carnegie Hall and another at Grand Central Terminal. At the concerts, a string quartet would play a piece of music, then mime it as parts of a recording by the same quartet played through a pair of AR-3 speakers. The listeners were rarely able to detect the switchovers. Mr. Villchur was president of Acoustic Research until 1967. After being bought by a series of manufacturers, the company went out of business in 2004. Its brand name was bought by the Audiovox Corporation" [Dennis Hevesi, The New York Times, 10/18/11].


October 25

The Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Charles Dutoit, in Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 10. Carnegie Hall, New York, NY. "[A] somber, at times ferociously angry work, composed shortly after Stalin’s death yet clearly still under the shadow of his tyranny. The Philadelphia strings captured the slow movements’ dark hues, as well as the unbridled power and sense of the tragic that bursts forth from the fast second movement. The solo playing by the orchestra’s principals was particularly striking here, yet in the end it was the electricity generated by the full ensemble that made this interpretation so vivid" [Allan Kozinn, The New York Times, 10/26/11].

Amon Tobinin, in one of a set of cubes onstage, performs Isam. Brooklyn Masonic Temple, New York, NY. Repeated October 29, Moogfes, Asheville (NC). "The cube was centrally attached to other cubes, and they were all stacked in a geometrical pattern across the stage. Fast-moving abstract images aligned to the music were projected upon them, both individually and as an entirety, an uneven canvas. . . . Most of the time you couldn’t see Mr. Tobin as he worked in his encasement. But every once in a while a small light turned on inside the cube and there he was, administering his machines, nodding his head, with beard and baseball cap, the man inside the fractal. When Mr. Tobin -- born in Brazil, raised in Britain, now residing in California -- started out in the mid-’90s, he was methodical and obsessive with post-techno electronic rhythm. He went in hard for subdivided, mechanized breakbeats and clear, spacious samples of jazz pianists and bassists from old records; he was informed by the English drum-and-bass movement and for a while kept an indirect relation to it. Since then he’s gradually moved away from the particulars of that music, even down to the sources of each tone. He creates his own sounds now, most of them originating from objects that aren’t instruments. He then manipulates them digitally, often with the help of a Continuum Fingerboard, an electronic instrument that allows you to alter a sound’s pitch or timbre or amplitude. Isam, his new record on Ninja Tune and the basis for the multimedia shows on his current tour, goes further in that direction, and further away from dance music per se. It’s slow and cinematic, full of diving low frequencies and noises that are recognizably human made but seriously altered. (Some of its creaking noises come from a microphone put up to a creaky chair in his studio.) Likewise, machines are anthropomorphized: sounds suggesting machines coming to life or walking or chattering. . . . One of the projected images was a science-fiction space station, but many of the rest were abstractions and patterns, some having to do with machines, pre and post digital age. . . . There were big musical themes in here: sometimes the layers of sonic texture made room for a short, huge and simple melodic motif" [Ben Ratliff, The New York Times, 10/27/11].


October 27

Kurt Masur conducts the New York Philharmonic in Dmitri Shostakovich's Symphony No. 13 ("Baba Yar"). Avery Fisher Hall, New York, NY. Repeated 10/29. "The symphony is an odd, unsettling work, built on poetry by Yevgeny Yevtushenko, and hardly the kind of score conductors typically make into a signature piece. Its first movement, a setting of the searing poem from which the symphony takes its name, begins as a monument to the estimated 34,000 Ukrainian Jews massacred by the Nazis at Babi Yar, a ravine near Kiev, in September 1941, but goes on to condemn anti-Semitism in all times and places, not least among the poet’s fellow Russians. The remaining movements, Humor, In the Stores, Fears, and A Career, are caustic critiques of Soviet society (or, more specifically, the toll of totalitarian control on the Russian spirit). Shostakovich’s music alternates between the ethereal and the deliberately crude, with long stretches of clouded, bass-heavy rumbling with light, tactile percussion offset by macabre, full orchestra passages in the sardonic accent that Shostakovich perfected decades earlier. Mr. Masur managed its transitions deftly and drew a performance of sharply focused intensity from the Philharmonic’s strings and woodwinds, with vivid contributions from its brasses in the more extroverted sections. The vocal line, on the surface, can seem more declamatory than melodic, but its shaping is subtle, and [Sergei] Leiferkus, who was in fine voice, has mastered its nuances. After a tepid start the Men of the New York Choral Artists projected the texts robustly as well" [Allan Kozinn, The New York Times, 10/28/11].


October 30

Martin Helmchen perform's Arnold Schoenberg's Six Little Piano Pieces. Frick Collection, New York, NY. "Helmchen offered characterful readings of these concise, spare morsels, which reflect the composer’s shift toward the 12-tone system and reveal his distaste for the harmonic language and emotional gestures of the Romantic period" [Vivien Schweitzer, The New York Times, 11/2/11].

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

21ST-CENTURY MUSIC / November 2011


21ST
CENTURY
MUSIC


November 2011

Volume 18, Number 11


Reminiscing in Tempo / Michael McDonagh

Chronicle of September 2011

Comment

Recordings


Illustration / 9/11


Editorial Staff

Mark Alburger

EDITOR-PUBLISHER

Harriet March Page
ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Patti Noel Deuter
ASSISTANT EDITOR

Erling Wold
WEBMASTER

Elizabeth Agnew
Alexis Alrich
Katherine Buono
Ken Bullock
A.J. Churchill
David Cleary
Jeff Dunn
Phillip George
Elliot Harmon
Brian Holmes
Jeff Kaliss
John Lane
Arel Lucas
Michael McDonagh
Chip Michael
Tom Moore
William Rowland
Lisa Scola Prosek
Andrew Shapiro
Alice Shields
CORRESPONDENTS


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